HIV/AIDS is a viral infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The virus attacks the immune system, weakening the body’s ability to fight infections and diseases. Without proper treatment, HIV can progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which the immune system is severely compromised, leaving the body vulnerable to life-threatening infections and cancers.
Causes:
HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles or other injection equipment with an infected person, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. It cannot be transmitted through casual contact, such as hugging or shaking hands.
Danger without treatment:
HIV/AIDS is a serious and life-threatening condition that can be fatal without proper treatment. Without treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS, leading to a range of serious infections and cancers that can be difficult to treat.
Symptoms:
In the early stages of HIV infection, there may be no symptoms, or only mild symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue. As the virus progresses and the immune system is further compromised, more serious symptoms can develop, such as recurrent infections, persistent diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue.
Precautions:
- Practice safe sex by using condoms or other barrier methods.
- Avoid sharing needles or other injection equipment.
- Get tested regularly for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
- Seek early medical care if you suspect you have been exposed to HIV.
- Take antiretroviral medications as prescribed by a healthcare professional to suppress the virus and prevent its progression.
- Practice good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly and avoiding contact with bodily fluids.
- Avoid sharing personal items such as toothbrushes, razors, or sex toys.
- Eat a healthy, balanced diet to support immune function.
- Exercise regularly to maintain a healthy weight and reduce stress.
- Avoid alcohol and drugs, which can weaken the immune system and impair judgment.
WHO Facts:
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 38 million people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. The WHO recommends that all people living with HIV should receive antiretroviral therapy to suppress the virus and prevent its progression. The organization also advocates for increased access to testing, prevention, and treatment services to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS.